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Text File | 1990-02-06 | 124.9 KB | 3,933 lines |
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- PC-Draft II (tm)
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- User Manual
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- Release 3.24
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- Copyright 1986,1987,1988,1989,1990 - All Rights reserved
-
- Natural Software
- 19 South fifth Street
- St. Charles Illinois, 60174
- (708) 377-7320
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- LICENSE
-
- THE PC-Draft II SOFTWARE AND MANUAL IS COPYRIGHTED, ALL RIGHTS ARE RESE-
- RVED. YOU HAVE PURCHASED A LICENSE TO USE THIS SOFTWARE ON ONE MACHINE AT A
- TIME. YOU ARE AUTHORIZED TO MAKE COPIES OF PC-DRAFT II FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE
- OF BACKING UP YOUR SOFTWARE AND PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT FROM LOSS.
-
- Note: this copy of PC-Draft II is being distributed as Shareware. This
- means that you may copy the disk just as you received it and you may give
- it to others for their trial use. You are also permitted and encouraged to
- upload this version to electronic bulletin board services. You may not,
- however resell or collect any fee for the distribution of PC-Draft without
- the permission of Natural Software. (This does not include the normal fees
- for using bulletin boards.) If you continue to use PC-Draft II after your
- trial use, you must pay the purchase price as detailed below.
-
-
- WARRANTY
-
- THIS SOFTWARE WILL PERFORM AS DESCRIBED HEREIN ONLY IF PROPERLY APPLIED.
- OUR LIABILITY TO YOU IS LIMITED TO REPLACING THE SOFTWARE (FOR REGISTERED
- USERS). WE HAVE NO LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS, INCLUDING
- SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL, CAUSED BY THIS SOFTWARE, DIRECTLY OR
- INDIRECTLY.
-
- YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE BY YOUR DECISION TO USE THIS
- SOFTWARE.
-
- _______
- ____|__ | (tm)
- --| | |-------------------
- | ____|__ | Association of
- | | |_| Shareware
- |__| o | Professionals
- -----| | |---------------------
- |___|___| MEMBER
-
-
- This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware
- Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware
- principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-
- related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly,
- ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a
- dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical
- support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at
- P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or send a Compuserve message via
- easyplex to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536
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- Table of contents
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- Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
- Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- What registered users get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- MicroSoft Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Other Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
- Files used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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- The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Starting PC-Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Suspend Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Change Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- Menu Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- Display Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- The Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
- The Drawing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
- Moving around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Direct Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Using markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Setting markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Jump to marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Clearing the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Undo Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- Directory Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
- Ending PC-Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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- Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Multi-Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Free Draw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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- Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
- Drop Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
- Object Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
- Transfer to Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
- Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
- Goodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- Just paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- SpraY Can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- Kursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- Mouse cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- grId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- Quick view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
- sNap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
- Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
- Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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- Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- Loading Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- Selecting Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- Creating and changing Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- Saving Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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- Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- Saving Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- Retrieving Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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- Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- Using Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- Creating, changing Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- Saving Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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- Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Using Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Creating Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Suspend Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Relative [+/-] Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- .MAC file structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- Importing text files: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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- Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Editing Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Saving Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- loading Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Graph Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Drawing graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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- Drawing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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- Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Printer resolution modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- IBM dot matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Epson dot matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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- HP LaserJet+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- IDS Microprism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- C.Itoh 8510-1550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- GEM .IMG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- Print current screen window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- Print full drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
- Print partial screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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- Screen Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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- The PIX graphics language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
- Starting PIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- Trace mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- Exit PIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- PIX Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Assign (LET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- Decrement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- Cursor Movement Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- Gotoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- Screen moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
- Non Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- File Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- Program Control Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- Other Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- New PIX commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- Getkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- Jmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Popup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Popdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Pgotoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Tgotoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- PC-Draft commands not supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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- Summary of PIX commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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- Summary of Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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- Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
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- Introduction
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- PC-Draft II is a high resolution pixel oriented drawing and graphing
- utility, which is designed to facilitate a variety of drawing and drafting
- needs. Some of PC-Draft II's features:
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- o You can produce drawings up to 1280 by 700 dots using IBM's color
- graphic adaptor high resolution graphics mode (640 x 200 dots per
- screen). Such a drawing will more than fill an 8-1/2 x 11 inch
- printed output (at 150 dots per inch resolution).
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- o Built-in functions allow you to draw circles, lines, boxes, arcs
- and curves; draw bar, line and pie graphs; create patterns with
- which to fill areas; cut and paste objects and save objects to
- files for later use.
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- o PC-Draft is both menu driven and command driven -- all drawing
- commands may be selected from the menus or may be entered by a
- single keystroke command such as [C] to draw a circle or [L] for
- line.
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- o You can zoom in to precisely edit one pixel at a time.
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- o You can record graphic keyboard macros saved in files for later
- playback and for animation effects.
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- o You can load and edit fonts.
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- o You can print your drawings on a variety of printers including
- those compatible with IBM and Epson Dot matrix, HP Laserjet+, and
- HP DeskJet printers. Also you can save the output to the printer
- in a file for later batch printing.
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- o You can save portions of the screen or full drawings in GEM .IMG
- file format. These can then be directly imported into such Desk
- Top Publishing programs as Ventura Publisher and WordPerfect 5.0.
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- o Drawing and Pic files may be saved in compressed format to save
- disk space.
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- o You can set up to ten place markers anywhere in the drawing to
- jump to.
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- o Drawing grids are displayable at any spacing with optional "grid-
- lock" (Snap).
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- o A pop-up status panel shows x and y cursor position, position of
- the screen window in respect to the full drawing area, the
- current pattern, the current cursor increment value, and more.
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- Introduction Page 1
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- o An undo function repairs damage done by your last command.
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- o A preview function displays the entire drawing on the screen.
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- o A graphics presentation language called PIX performs all PC-
- Draft II commands from a script you write without displaying any
- cursor or menu interaction. PIX allows you to create animated
- sequences of: loading screens, drawing forms and graphs and
- adding text and more.
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- o Another program: CAPTURE.COM allows you to capture screen images
- from other programs (both text and graphic screens), to be loaded
- into PC-Draft for enhancement and printing.
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- o The latest additions to the Font, Macro, and Object libraries are
- included.
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- Shareware
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- PC-Draft II is copyrighted. It is not a public domain program. It is being
- distributed as Shareware, which means that unmodified copies of the soft-
- ware and documentation may be freely copied and shared. We ask in return
- that should you find PC-Draft II to be useful, you become a registered
- user. You become registered by sending $50.00 to:
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- Natural Software
- 19 South fifth Street
- St. Charles Illinois, 60174
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- Or call with your VISA or MasterCard number: (708) 377-7320. The file:
- ORDER.FRM on the disk can be printed and used as an order form.
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- What do you get by becoming registered? What registered users get:
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- o The latest version of the software without the introductory
- ShareWare screen.
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- o Free subscription to Compuserve including: your own private
- User ID and Password, $15 introductory usage credit, free sub-
- scription to Compuserve's monthly member magazine, Online Today.
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- o Free telephone support: You can talk directly to the author (Mike
- Allen). Many of the features in this latest version of PC-Draft
- came directly from suggestions and wishes from users. You can
- also communicate with the author via compuserve. Send an EMAIL
- message to Mike Allen (PID: 70047,744)
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- Page 2 PC-Draft II
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- o FREE!! -- when you register, you are entitled to a free introductory
- subscription to CompuServe Invormation Service -- the biggest national
- BBS! You will receive: a private user ID number and Password,
- a $15 usage credit (up to 2 1/2 hours connect time at 2400 baud),
- a complimentary subscrition to CompuServes's monthly computing magazine,
- Online Today.
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- o The latest additions to the Font, Macro, and Object libraries:
- They require too much disk space to distribute with the Shareware
- version. And, as a registered user you will be notified when new
- libraries become available.
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- o A collection of drawings made with PC-Draft II which you can
- incorporate into you own work.
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- o A typeset quality user manual profusely illustrated with drawings
- made with PC-Draft II and full of helpful hints.
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- o As a registered user you will be informed of new versions of PC-
- Draft.
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- The shareware philosophy is to pay smaller amounts for well crafted and
- useful software from developers who cannot spend the millions of dollars on
- packaging and marketing necessary to compete with the large software
- development companies. You benefit by being able to try a wider variety of
- software products to find the ones that suit your particular purpose. And
- the trial is free. The shareware developer benefits from being able to
- distribute his work to a wider audience than would be possible through
- normal channels.
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- Your share of the responsibility for shareware to continue, and to support
- the development of more and better products is to distribute your shareware
- programs to others and become a registered user of those products you like
- and use.
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- System Requirements
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- PC-Draft II is compatible with the IBM PC, XT, and AT and "true compatible"
- microcomputers with at least 384k of memory and with MS-DOS or PC-DOS
- versions 2.0 or later. An IBM or compatible Color Graphics Display adapter
- is required. PC-Draft II performs direct access of the display buffer at
- address B8000 hex. PC-Draft II will not work with monochrome displays or
- foreign display interface boards such as Hercules. (However, it will work
- with one of the shareware CGA emulators such as HGCIBM or SIMCGA. Look for
- them on your BBS.)
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- If you have a problem with your display, you might try pressing the [Ctrl +
- F1] key combination to cycle through the different colors. The is par-
- ticularly necessary on the PC-Jr.
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- PC-Draft II is memory hungry. For the sake of speed, an entire bit mapped
- drawing is kept in memory, rather than being paged to and from disk. If you
- like to load lots of stay resident utilities, you better have a 512k
- machine, or unload them before running PC-Draft II. The PC-Draft II
- program itself occupies about 85k. As you move the screen window to new
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- Introduction Page 3
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- portions of a large drawing more memory is allocated, 16k per screen. If
- you start with less than 128k available, you will surely get an error
- message: Out of memory!, then all you can do is save your drawing and quit
- PC-Draft II.
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- Terminology
-
- Brackets are used to indicate keystrokes. For instance: [Ctrl + PgUp] means
- to press the Control key and the PgUp keys together. Whereas: [F3][P][S]
- means to press those keys in sequence. The four arrow keys on the numeric
- keypad are indicated as: [v][<][>][v]. Filenames are given in all upper-
- case such as: PATTERN1.PAT.
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- Installation
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- If you are using a hard disk, create a sub-directory for PC-Draft II with
- the following sub-directories: PAT, MAC, FON, OBJ, PIC, DWG, SCR. If you
- are using DOS 3.2 or above, simply use the XCOPY command to copy all files
- from all sub-directories to your pc-draft sub-directory on your hard disk
- as follows:
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- CD \
- MD PC-DRAFT
- CD PC-DRAFT
- XCOPY A:*.* /S
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- The sub-directory names correspond to the default filename extensions for
- the various files PC-Draft II uses and will help keep things organized.
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- If yours is a floppy based system, simply make a backup copy of the dis-
- tribution floppy for use.
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- The executable PC-Draft program consists of the main program: DRAFT2.EXE
- and a configuration file: DRAFT2.CFG. This configuration file must both be
- on your current directory. If you are using a floppy disk based system, you
- must leave the diskette containing DRAFT.CFG in the disk drive when you
- exit PC-Draft.
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- MicroSoft Mouse
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- If you have a mouse compatible with Microsoft's Mouse driver software, PC-
- Draft will automatically use the mouse if the mouse driver is loaded.
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- Be sure the mouse driver is properly loaded (either with the CONFIG.SYS
- DEVICE=MOUSE.SYS command, or from the keyboard (or in your AUTOEXEC.BAT)
- run the MOUSE.COM program.
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- Page 4 PC-Draft II
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- Mouse movement emulates the arrow keys, the left button simulates the [F2]
- key (to pop-up the menus), the right button simulates the [Enter] key (to
- terminate drawing commands and to select drawing modes when in zoom mode),
- and both mouse buttons pressed together simulates the [Esc] key to exit
- from a menu or process.
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- Other Mice
-
- Most other brands of mice should work as described above if:
-
- 1. They can be configured to emulate Microsoft's Mouse driver or:
-
- 2. You can setup your mouse to:
-
- a. convert movement into the appropriate arrow key.
- b. simulate the [Enter] key with the right button.
- c. simulate the [F2] key with the left button.
- d. simulate the [Esc] key with both buttons (or the third button?).
-
- Please let us know if you have a problem with your mouse.
-
- If you do not have a mouse and intend to do much work with PC-Draft, it is
- strongly recommended that you get one. You'll love the difference. Some
- commands described below were specifically designed for mice. They do not
- work too well without a mouse.
-
- If you are using the cursor keys instead of a mouse, it is strongly recom-
- mended that you use one of the many shareware or public domain keyboard
- speedup programs available. This will make cursor movement around the
- graphics screen much nicer. If you have an IBM AT, look for SETKEY.COM on
- your bulletin boards. If you have and XT or compatible, look for
- QUICKEY.COM. Both of these were published in PC Magazine and can be down
- loaded from their BBS. Also the shareware programs:
-
- FASTKEY.COM from:
-
- Biologic Corp.
- P.O. Box 1267
- Manassas, Virginia 22110
-
- and KBFIX2.COM from:
-
- Skip Gilbrech
- 90 Lexington Ave. #10-G
- New York, NY 10016 ( Compuserve: 71445,534 )
-
-
- Printers
-
-
-
-
- Introduction Page 5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The current version of PC-Draft II will work with several families of
- printers for graphics output; Some printers which claim to emulate the IBM
- Graphics or Epson dot matrix do not support all resolution modes, so you
- will have to experiment to see which is appropriate for your brand.
-
- Refer to the READ.ME file on the disk for information about additional
- printer support.
-
-
- Files used
-
- The only necessary files used by PC-Draft are the main code file:
- DRAFT2.EXE and the configuration file: DRAFT2.CFG. all other files are
- optional.
-
-
- File Names
-
- The file naming conventions used are also optional. However, it is recom-
- mended that you follow them. When PC-Draft saves a file of a particular
- type, say a font file for instance, it uses the appropriate filename
- extension unless you override it by entering a different extension. This
- helps prevent accidental data loss by overwriting files and by loading the
- wrong type of file.
-
-
- The default filename extensions are:
-
- Screen dump files: filename.PIC
- Drawing files: filename.DWG
- Pattern files: filename.PAT
- Font files: filename.FON
- Object files: filename.OBJ
- Macro files: filename.MAC
- Graph Point files: filename.PTS
- PIX program files: filename.SCR
- GEM IMG files: filename.IMG
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 6 PC-Draft II
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The Basics
-
- There are a few basic things you must know to start using PC-Draft and
- begin making your own drawings. This chapter will give you a quick over-
- view. Each drawing command and other parts of the PC-Draft system will be
- dealt with in more detail in later chapters.
-
- Starting PC-Draft
-
- To start PC-Draft, type the command: DRAFT2 with the files DRAFT2.EXE and
- DRAFT2.CFG on the currently logged drive. The Copyright notice will appear
- for a moment, then it will display the graphics screen.
-
-
-
- Cursor Movement
-
- The cursor will appear as a small cross in center screen. Press the cursor
- movement keys on the numeric keypad (or move the mouse) to move about the
- screen.
-
- Initially, the cursor will move 8 dots for each key pressed. As you move
- the cursor you will notice that the X and Y location is shown in the
- control panel at screen right. Also shown is the current cursor increment
- value. With a mouse, the cursor moves smoothly along with the mouse move-
- ment. You may find that for precise positioning, the arrow keys give you
- more control.
-
- Cursor Increment
-
- The amount the cursor moves (in dots or pixels) is called the cursor incre-
- ment. To change the cursor increment value, enter a number (using the top
- row of number keys, or press [Num Lock] to use the numeric key pad keys).
- For instance, enter 24 to cause the cursor to move 24 dots for each cursor
- movement keystroke.
-
- You will quickly get into the habit of adjusting the cursor increment value
- to a larger number to quickly move to a new position on the screen, then to
- a smaller number (try 1) for detailed work.
-
- Suspend Cursor
-
- Pressing the [S] key Suspends the current cursor increment value, causing
- the cursor to move one dot at a time. Pressing [S] again restores the
- increment value. This allows you to quickly change from coarse to fine
- movements and is also useful when creating graphics keyboard macros as
- described below. Note that while in the [W]rite mode, you can suspend
- cursor increment by pressing [Alt + S].
-
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Change Cursor
-
- There are two cursor types (three if you have a mouse). Initially, the
- cursor appears as a small cross. Press [K] ([K]ursor) to change the cursor
- to a full screen cross. This cursor type is helpful when positioning lines
- and objects in line with other elements in your drawing. Press [K] again to
- toggle between the two cursor types. If you have a MicroSoft mouse, you can
- change the mouse cross cursor to an arrow by pressing [Alt + C]. Press it
- again to return to the cross. You can still use the full screen cursor by
- pressing [K].
-
-
- Menu Selections
-
- Initially, the eight main menu selections are displayed across the top of
- the screen. To make a selection, press its corresponding function key. For
- instance, press [F2] (or the [/] key) (or left mouse button) to display the
- pop-up Draw functions menu.
-
- With the pop-up menu displayed you may now:
-
- 1. Press the Escape key: [Esc] (both mouse buttons), to exit from a menu
- without making a choice.
-
- 2. Select a choice from the menu by:
-
- a. press the [L]etter in brackets for your choice.
- b. use the arrow keys: [^] and [v] to move the reverse video cursor
- to select your choice. Then press [Enter] (or the mouse right
- button) to make your selection.
-
- 3. Press the left or right arrow keys: [<] or [>] to move to another menu
- (or move the mouse right or left).
-
- For example; press [F2], then press [B] for the [B]ox command, then press
- [Enter]. The Draw menu will disappear. Now, move the cursor. A box will
- form with its diagonal corners determined by the original cursor position
- and the opposing current cursor position. When you are satisfied with the
- final position of the box, press [Enter] (right mouse button) to complete
- the [B]ox command.
-
- Most of the other menus work the same, press the function key, then up and
- down arrows, then [Enter].
-
- Display Menu Bar
-
- By pressing the [F1] key, you can pop-off the menu bar to allow full screen
- drawing. When you press [F1] again, the menu bar will pop-up again. The
- drawing obscured by the menu, will be untouched, but inaccessible, until
- you pop-off the menu.
-
-
-
- Page 8 PC-Draft II
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-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
- The Control Panel
-
- The panel along the right side of the screen shows:
-
- o The current X and Y cursor location,
- o The current cursor increment value (C = 8),
- o The current drawing mode,
- o The status of the suspend (cursor increment) function,
- o The status of the snap function,
- o The current paint pattern is shown,
- o Below the pattern box, is a box that represents the full drawing are-
- a. Within is a smaller box representing the current screen window. As
- you move the screen window (with [Ctrl + >] for example), the box will
- show your current location.
- o The number under the drawing box indicates the number of the current
- screen window. This is the number you would enter when using the [.]
- Move command to jump directly to a new screen window position.
- o The amount of free memory is shown at the bottom. As you move the
- screen window to new areas of the full drawing, you will notice this
- number getting smaller.
-
- You can pop-off the control panel by pressing [Alt + P] for full screen
- drawing.
-
- The Drawing Area
-
- +----+----+
- Initial | 1 | 2 | +----+----+
- Screen ---> +----+----+ | 3 | 4 |
- Window | 5 | 6 | +----+----+
- +----+----+ | 7 | 8 |
- +----+----+----+----+
- | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
- +----+----+----+----+
- | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
- +----+----+----+----+
- | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
- +----+----+----+----+
- | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
- +----+----+----+----+
- | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
- +----+----+----+----+
-
- The Drawing Area
-
- One screen represents 640 pixels or dots horizontally, and 200 dots verti-
- cally (with the menu bar and control panel popped-off). All drawing
- operations are confined to this screen area. You can draw a line to the
- screen edge only. However, the full drawing area available to PC-Draft is
-
-
-
- Basics Page 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 1280 dots wide by 700 dots vertically. visualize the monitor screen as a
- window positioned over a larger drawing area. You can move this window up,
- down, left and right to reach all parts of the drawing. The full drawing
- size is two screens wide, and three and one half screens high.
-
- Moving around
-
- Here's how you move the screen window around the full drawing. To move the
- screen window down on the larger drawing, press the [Ctrl + PgDn] keys
- together. The screen moves one half screen width for each window movement.
- To move up, press [Ctrl + PgUp]. [Ctrl + >] moves right, and [Ctrl + <]
- moves left. When you reach the edge of the drawing area, you'll know it
- (beep).
-
- Direct Move
-
- Pressing the [.] (the period or shifted [>]) key will pop-up a prompt box
- asking for a screen window number. You can enter a number from 1 to 28 to
- directly move the display window to a new area of the larger drawing.
-
- The full drawing is logically divided into 28 sections. Each section
- represents one forth of one screen's area.
-
- When PC-Draft is first started, drawing sections 1, 2, 5 and 6 are display-
- ed. To move the screen window to the bottom right of the drawing area;
- press [.] and enter 23 to display drawing sections 23, 24, 27 and 28.
-
- Home
-
- Press [H] to move the cursor to center screen.
-
-
- Using markers
-
- Sometimes you would like to set a marker at one point in your drawing to be
- able to return to the same position after performing some other activity.
- PC-Draft II provides a facility for up to ten separate markers that you can
- set, change, and move to.
-
- Setting markers
-
- First move the cursor to the position you wish to mark. Then: Press [Shift
- + any function key]. For example [Shift + F1].
-
- Jump to marker
-
- Press [Alt + the function key]. For example to jump back to the position
- set with [Shift + F1], press [Alt + F1].
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 10 PC-Draft II
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-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- If you have moved the screen window to another area of the full drawing,
- from where a marker is set, the screen window will be moved as necessary to
- return to where the marker is set. This provides a convenient way to jump
- to all parts of a large drawing.
-
-
- Clearing the Screen
-
- To clear the current screen window (not the whole drawing), press the [F9]
- key. A warning pop-up will ask if you're sure. Press the [Y] key for
- [Y]es, if you are.
-
- To clear the entire drawing, press [Ctrl + F9]. A warning pop-up will ask
- if you're sure. Press the [Y] key for [Y]es, if you are.
-
- Erasing
-
- Since this is a pixel (raster) based graphics program, erasing selected
- image areas is not as easy as it would be in an object based CAD package
- where you can erase selected operations rather than areas of the screen.
- Here are a few different ways to erase:
-
- o Use the [E]rase command to remove the image as you move the
- cursor. The size of the erase box is controlled by the current
- cursor increment value. Make this value larger to erase larger
- areas. (The Replace drawing mode must be on.)
-
- Note: if you do not have a mouse, erasing with the cursor keys is
- not as smooth an operation. Suspend the cursor increment value
- (with the [S] key), then as you move the erase box, you will
- remove all pixels in your path.
-
- o Select the Transparent drawing mode (with [F5]), then re-trace
- the image to be erased.
-
- o Select an all black pattern (with [F4], usually pattern number
- 1), then with the [R]ectangle command, surround the area to be
- erased. The drawing mode must be set to Replace. (The Replace
- drawing mode must be on.)
-
- o Surround the area to be erased with the [W]indow command, then
- press [F9] to clear the current window.
-
- Undo Command
-
- Whenever you have performed some drawing operation that changed the drawing
- in a way you did not expect (you goofed), you can press [U] to Undo. You
- can only undo the previous operation such as [B]ox or [P]aint, you cannot
- undo changes made before the last one. This is especially handy when your
- [P]aint operation spills outside of a bounded area unexpectedly.
-
-
-
- Basics Page 11
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Saving Your Work
-
- Once enough of your masterpiece is constructed to make you nervous about
- losing your work, you should save it to a file on disk. You can save the
- current screen window to a .PIC file or you can save the entire drawing to
- a .DWG file.
-
- 1. Press the [F3] key to pop-up the File menu.
-
- 2. Select [S]creen to save just the current screen window (just what
- is currently displayed).
-
- Or, select [D]rawing to save your drawing that may consist of several
- screens worth. (Only those screens that you have visited will be saved. If
- you have not moved from the initial screen window, the drawing file will be
- the same size as a screen ".PIC" file.)
-
- 3. Then, select the operation from the next pop-up: [S]ave.
-
- 4. you will be asked whether you want to save it in [C]ompressed or
- [N]ormal format. If you choose Normal format, the image will be
- saved without compression. An un-compressed .PIC file is a
- straight byte for byte dump of the high-resolution screen buffer
- and is compatible with many other graphics programs. If you
- choose Compressed format, the file will take less disk space
- (saving an average of 66%).
-
- When you read in a .PIC or .DWG file, PC-Draft will detect whether the file
- has been compressed or not and load it properly.
-
- Note: The I/O time is increased for saving and loading compressed
- files. You might want to use normal format while you are working
- on a drawing to maintain the speed advantage, then save it in
- compressed format only when you are finished making changes.
-
- The compression method is very rudimentary. A trade-off had to be made
- given code space limitations and permissible I/O delays. You can achieve a
- much greater compression and saving of disk space if you use ARC.EXE to
- archive your drawings (sometimes greater than 90%).
-
- 5. Then, enter a filename in the next pop-up. Enter any valid DOS
- file path specification, including drive and sub-directories
- unless you want to save the file on the currently logged drive
- and path.
-
- You need not enter a filename extension. PC-Draft will automatically add
- the appropriate extension for you if you leave it off. Simply enter a
- filename such as: "DRAWING1" or "A:SUBDIR1\DRAWING1"
-
-
-
-
- Page 12 PC-Draft II
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PC-Draft will save your drawing as: DRAWING1.DWG (or: DRAWING1.PIC if you
- selected to save the screen). (See note below for directory searches.)
-
- 6. Press [Enter] to complete the operation.
-
- Once you've done this a few times, the operation of saving and retrieving
- screen and drawing files should become easy, intuitive and obvious with the
- help of the pop-up prompts. The method is the same for other file opera-
- tions such as saving and retrieving patterns, fonts, objects.
-
- Directory Search
-
- When entering a filename for any file operation, you can obtain a directory
- search by pressing either the up or down arrow keys [^] or [v]. Any exist-
- ing files with extensions that match the current default will be displayed
- in the file path name window. For example, when you are retrieving a screen
- file, press the [^] key in response to the filename prompt, the name of the
- first file with a .PIC extension will be shown. Press the [^] to show the
- next (if any) .PIC file, and so on. When the file you want to retrieve is
- shown, press [Enter] to retrieve it.
-
- To search the directory other than the current one, enter the DOS path
- information, for instance to refer to the directory containing pattern
- files, enter: "FON\", then press [^] or [v]. (You must have the '\' at the
- end.)
-
- Other useful keys to use when entering filenames:
-
- o [<] and [>] move the cursor non-destructively.
-
- o Backspace [<-] moves left destructively.
-
- o The [End] key clears the field from the cursor position to the end.
-
- o The [Esc] key restores the field to its original contents.
-
-
- Ending PC-Draft
-
- Press [F10] to exit PC-Draft. If you have made changes to your drawing but
- not saved it yet, a warning pop-up will ask if you want to. Similarly,
- changes to the current font, pattern and/or graph point values, will be
- checked and you will be warned before actually exiting to DOS. If everyth-
- ing is safely saved, when you press [F10] you will immediately be returned
- to the DOS prompt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 13
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands
-
- This chapter discusses each drawing command in detail. PC-Draft provides
- both a menu based and a command based user interface. When you begin to
- learn how PC-Draft works you might find the drawing menu useful in select-
- ing the various commands. But as you become more proficient, you will
- probably find the single key command method easier and faster.
-
- Each basic drawing operation can be specified in two ways. You can press
- [F2] (or mouse left button) to choose from the Draw menu, or you can press
- the mnemonic character associated with the command. For example to select
- the line command either press [F2] then press [v] enough times to move the
- menu selection bar down to the "[L]ine" choice, then press [Enter] or you
- can choose from the menu by pressing: [F2][L][Enter] or don't use the menu
- at all: simply press [L] (the single key command mode).
-
- Most drawing operations follow the same sequence of operations:
-
- 1. Position the cursor to a starting anchor point.
- 2. Select the drawing command.
- 3. Move the cursor to the desired ending point.
- 4. Press any key other than cursor movement or numeric key to complete
- the operation.
-
- Remember, at any time while moving the cursor, you can fine tune cursor
- movement or speed up cursor movement by pressing the numeric keys to change
- the current cursor increment. Also you can press the [S] key to [S]uspend
- the cursor increment for fine work, and the [K] key to change cursor type.
-
- Line
-
- The basic element of most of your drawings is the line. The method for
- drawing lines is typical of most of the other drawing commands as well,
- involving these four steps:
-
- 1. Move the cursor to one end of the future line.
- 2. Press [L] to start the line.
- 3. Move the cursor to the other end.
- 4. Press [Enter].
-
- I think you get the idea.
-
- Multi-Line
-
- If you want to draw several connected line segments, use the [M]ulti-line
- command. Press [M] to start, move the cursor to the end point, press
- [Enter] to anchor that end, move to the next end point, press [Enter], and
- so on. Press [Esc] to end the multi-line command.
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 14 PC-Draft II
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-
-
- Free Draw
-
- The [F]ree draw command lets you draw free form lines. A continuous series
- of connected lines are drawn as you move the cursor. The coarseness of the
- line is determined by the value of the cursor increment (or how fast you
- move the mouse). Set the cursor increment value to 1 (or [S]uspend) to draw
- free form lines dot by dot (or move the mouse slower).
-
- Box
-
- Press [B] to begin the [B]ox command. The starting position is one corner
- of the box, the ending cursor position is the opposite corner.
-
- Rectangle
-
- This is similar to [B]ox, but the rectangle is filled with the current fill
- pattern. The [R]ectangle command is useful for erasing areas of the draw-
- ing, by selecting a completely blank pattern as the current fill (and the
- [R]eplace drawing mode). See below for how to select patterns.
-
- Circle
-
- Press [C] to draw a circle. The starting position is the center of the
- circle. Move the cursor outward to establish the diameter and press
- [Enter].
-
- Ellipse
-
- From the keyboard you start the ellipse command with [Alt + E]. As you move
- the cursor, the area of the ellipse is indicated by a rectangle. Move the
- cursor outward to establish the size of the ellipse and press [Enter]. Why
- use the rectangle instead of the ellipse shape? We decided that drawing,
- erasing, and re-drawing the actual ellipse shape as you move the cursor was
- too slow, interfering with the normal flow of drawing.
-
- Note that from the drawing commands menu, you select the ellipse command
- with the [I] key.
-
- Curve
-
- This command works a little differently than the above two-point commands.
- You specify a series of points on the screen through which a smooth spline
- curve will be drawn. Position the cursor to the starting point for the
- curve, then press [V] for cur[V]e. Now, move the cursor to the next point,
- press any key to set a new point. A straight line will be temporarily drawn
- between points to help you keep track of the shape of your image. Continue
- entering points (up to 20 points are allowed) until you have defined the
- shape of the curve. To draw the curve, press the [Esc] key.
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Paint
-
- Position the cursor within a bounded area on the screen. Press [P] to
- [P]aint the area with the current fill pattern. See below for how to select
- and edit patterns. Note that the selected area must be tightly bounded by
- white dots. A single missing dot provides an escape route for the pattern
- to fill adjacent areas.
-
- Arc
-
- Drawing arcs is a two step process:
-
- 1. Draw a circle where you want the arc with the correct diameter.
-
- a. Position the cursor to the center of the arc.
- b. Press [A] to start the arc command.
- c. Move the cursor outward to establish the diameter. (A full circle
- will be drawn temporarily.)
- d. Press [Enter] to set the diameter.
-
- 2. Now draw a box around the portion of the circle you want to retain as
- the arc:
-
- a. Position the cursor to one corner of the box.
- b. Move to the opposite corner surrounding the selected portion of
- the circle.
- c. Press [Enter] to complete the arc command.
-
- Text
-
- To add text to your drawing, position the cursor and press [T] to enter
- [T]ext mode. The cursor will become an underline and what you type next
- will be shown using the built-in IBM graphics font. You can use backspace
- and the [<] and [>] arrow keys for simple editing and the [Enter] key to
- move to the start of the next line.
-
- To exit text mode, press [Esc].
-
- Note: that this mode always positions the text on an 8 dot boundary both
- vertically and horizontally. To position the text between this 8 dot grid,
- first type the text, then exit text mode and use the [O]bject and [D]rop
- commands to move it to a new location.
-
- As you type, the cursor will wrap to the next line when you reach the right
- edge of the current window. You can set a smaller window with the [Alt + W]
- key to restrict the text to a selected area.
-
- Another way to add text is to import from an ASCII text file. You do this
- by adding two characters to your text file, a 'T' at the beginning and a
-
-
-
-
- Page 16 PC-Draft II
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- '%' at the end. this makes the file a valid PC-Draft Macro file. Refer to
- the Macro section for an example.
-
- Write
-
- Pressing [W] places you in [W]rite mode. The cursor changes to a box the
- size of the currently loaded graphics font. When first started PC-Draft
- does not have a font loaded. To experiment with [W]rite mode, press
- [F3][F][R] to retrieve a font. In the filename pop-up prompt box enter:
- FON\EURO and press [Enter]. The eurostyle font will be loaded from the font
- sub-directory: FON. Now enter [W]rite mode. You can move the box cursor
- with the arrow keys and enter text in your drawing.
-
- While in [W]rite mode you can suspend cursor increment by pressing
- [Alt + S], since the [S] key is used to write S's.
-
- Object
-
- By Object, we mean a portion of the drawing, a bit mapped image. The
- [O]bject command allows you to grab an area of the drawing from within the
- current screen window. Once you have grabbed an area, you've got an object
- which can then be [D]ropped (re-drawn) in a new position. Also objects can
- be saved in a file (.OBJ files) to create a library of objects. And, of
- course, object files can be retrieved to be added to other drawings.
-
- This command works like the [B]ox command. Position the cursor to one
- corner of the area to be grabbed. Press [O]. Then move the cursor to the
- opposite corner of the area and press [Enter] to grab it.
-
- Note: The [O]bject and [D]rop commands allow for copying areas of the
- screen. If you want "Cut and Paste" -- deleting the original object
- area, use the "blank pattern" method for erasing as described in the
- previous chapter. So, you would: grab an [O]bject, erase it with
- [R]ectangle, then [D]rop the object.
-
- Drop Object
-
- When you have an Object currently in memory either by using the [O]bject
- command or by retrieving it from an .OBJ file, you use the [D]rop command
- to re-draw the object in the current drawing.
-
- When you press [D], the cursor takes the form of a box the size of the
- current object. Move the box to the position in your drawing where you want
- the image and press [Enter].
-
- Object Functions
-
- When you have an Object in memory as discussed above, you can manipulate it
- in several ways. All of the following commands are accessible only by
- selecting [O]bject from the Draw menu:
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 17
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
- r[O]tate turns the current object 90 degrees clockwise. Rotate
- twice to turn the current object upside down,
-
- [R]everse reverses the object from left to right,
-
- [E]nlarge doubles the width of the current object,
-
- [C]ontract halves the width of the object,
-
- [L]arge doubles the height of the current object,
-
- [S]mall halves its height.
-
- Although nothing seems to happen on the screen, the current Object will be
- affected in memory, which you can see by [D]roping it.
-
- Note: that for the sake of processing speed, objects are stored and
- manipulated on byte boundaries. If you do not get the result you want
- with one of the object commands. (Perhaps a part of the object is
- truncated.) Try re-grabbing the object with a greater margin (of blank
- space) around it. Then the manipulating commands will not affect the
- edges.
-
- Transfer to Font
-
- This command ([X]fer) is like the [O]bject command. With [X]fer, you grab
- an area of the drawing to be copied to a specific character in the current
- graphics font. When you press [X], the cursor becomes a box the size of the
- current font. Move the box to the image to be grabbed and press the key for
- the character to copy to. For example, to grab an image to use for the A
- character, press [A]. You can then move to another area and grab again for
- another character. Press [Enter] to exit this mode.
-
- Note: that you cannot [X]fer to numeric characters (0 to 9), or the
- [S] key because these keys are used to change the cursor increment
- value. First [X]fer the image to another temporary character. Then use
- the font copy function: [F10] (from the font editing window) to copy
- from the temporary to the one you want.
-
- Zoom
-
- [Z]oom allows you to edit a portion of your drawing at the pixel level
- more easily by enlarging the dots. Position the cursor in the center
- of the area to zoom and press [Z]. When the box appears, you can move
- the cursor with the arrow keys. The [Ins] key (mouse right button)
- toggles pixels on or off. When the cursor is over a blank space,
- pressing [Ins] will turn on the pixel there. When the cursor is over a
- pixel already on, pressing [Ins] will turn it off.
-
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- Page 18 PC-Draft II
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-
- The [F9] (mouse left button) key lets you cycle through three drawing
- modes:
-
- o Press [F9] once to draw pixels as you move.
- o Press [F9] again to erase as you move.
- o Press [F9] again and you are back to the original state, no change
- will be made as you move the cursor.
-
- While in Zoom mode these function keys perform new functions:
-
- [F1] shifts the zoomed image left one pixel.
- [F2] shifts the zoomed image right.
- [F3] fills the zoomed area (all white).
- [F4] clears the zoomed area (all black).
- [F5] reverses each pixel in the zoomed area.
- [F8] will print the screen with the zoom window.
-
-
- Goodies
-
- The following additional commands are accessible by menu from the goo[D]ies
- sub-menu. To see these selections, press [F2][D].
-
- Just paint
-
- Press the [J] key to begin the Just Paint mode. In this mode, as you move
- the cursor, a trail of the current pattern is left. The size of this trail
- is determined by the current cursor increment value. Like the Spray Can
- command, this works best with a mouse.
-
- To end Just Paint mode press [Esc] or both mouse buttons.
-
- SpraY Can
-
- Each time you press the [Y] key a random spray of pixels is painted within
- the bounds of the current cursor increment value using the current pattern.
- As the key is repeated, more pixels will be filled in. This command is more
- useful (easier to use) if you have a mouse, because you can move the mouse
- as you hold down the right button to spray in a continuous line, whereas,
- without the mouse, the cursor jumps by the current cursor increment value.
-
- If the current drawing mode is Transparent, the Spray Can command will
- always fill approximately 50% of the area (if you hold the [Y] down) since
- as new random pixels are drawn they will cancel out existing pixels.
-
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- Drawing Commands Page 19
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- When the drawing mode is set to "replace", blank pixels in the current
- pattern also affect (erase) the underlying image. If the drawing mode is
- set to "overlay", only "on" pixels in the pattern are painted. You can see
- how this works if you:
-
- 1. Select the solid pattern (pattern 0).
- 2. Select the Replace drawing mode.
- 3. Use the [R]ectangle command to draw a solid box.
- 4. Select another pattern with some empty space such as lines.
- 5. Start the Spra[Y] command, and draw the spray across the solid box.
- You will notice that the pattern is slowly etched into the solid area.
- 6. Now, change the drawing mode to Overlay and try step 4 and 5 again.
-
- Kursor
-
- This toggles the cursor shape back and forth from the small x to the full
- screen cross.
-
- Mouse cursor
-
- If you are using a MicroSoft compatible mouse, this command changes to the
- arrow cursor. From the keyboard press [Alt + C]. Select this command again
- to return to the normal cursor.
-
- grId
-
- To aid in positioning the cursor in line with other elements in your
- drawing, press [I] to draw a grid. The grid will be spaced horizontally and
- vertically according to the current cursor increment value. For example,
- before pressing [I], enter [48] to set your cursor increment to 48 pixels,
- then when you press [I] a 48 by 48 grid will appear.
-
- Note: When the grid is on, the drawing mode is always set to Transparent.
- This is so that the grid does not interfere with the actual drawing.
- However, you must be careful when you add drawing elements with the grid
- on, that you account for transparent mode. Also, when you grab an object
- with the grid on, the grid will be grabbed as well, so again, be careful.
- Remember this is a pixel graphics program not an object oriented CAD
- package where true layering would be more possible.
-
- The grid is always drawn in relationship to the full drawing area rather
- than just the screen. This means that as you move the screen window the
- grid is redrawn and adjusted for that window with its starting point
- remaining at the upper left corner of the full drawing area.
-
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- Page 20 PC-Draft II
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- Quick view
-
- This displays the full drawing in one screen window to give you an overall
- view. From the keyboard press [Q]. Press the [Esc] key to return to the
- normal drawing.
-
- sNap
-
- When you press [N] to turn snap on, the cursor will snap into position on a
- grid intersection (whether grid is on or not). The grid intersection in
- question is determined by the current cursor increment value in relation-
- ship to the upper left corner of the full drawing area (as is true for the
- grid command above). This means that even if you have grid on, if you then
- change the cursor increment, then you turn snap on, the cursor will snap to
- the new cursor increment grid, not the grid displayed.
-
- Snap is one command that does not work well with the mouse, use the cursor
- keys instead.
-
- Color
-
- This changes the foreground color to one of the possible 15 standard IBM
- Color Graphic Adapter colors. From the keyboard press [Ctrl + F1]. Each
- time you execute this command, the color is cycled to the next in the list,
- eventually repeating.
-
- Window
-
- The [W]indow command allows you to designate a rectangular area of the
- screen to contain subsequent drawing operations. Once you have created a
- smaller than normal window (normally the drawing window is the full
- screen), the cursor will not move outside the borders of your window and
- lines and fills will not spill out. You specify the area of the window
- similar to the way you draw a box. Position the cursor to a staring corner,
- press [Alt + W], move to an opposite corner, press [Enter]. To undo the
- window, press [Alt + W] again. This command is not on the menu.
-
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- Drawing Commands Page 21
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- Patterns
-
- Patterns are created as 8 by 8 pixel grids which are repeated to fill
- areas. PC-Draft keeps 8 patterns resident in memory at a time which are
- used by the [R]ectangle and [P]aint commands to fill areas and by the
- spra[Y] and [J]ust paint commands. Patterns are stored in .PAT files in the
- PAT sub-directory. You can create your own patterns or edit those that come
- with PC-Draft. The Patterns may be seen on the Pattern menu by pressing
- [F4].
-
- Loading Patterns
-
- Press the sequence: [F3][P][R] for "File menu, [P]atterns, [R]etrieve".
- Then in the filename prompt box, enter: [PAT\], then press [^] or [v] to
- step through the directory of patterns. Press [Enter] to retrieve a pat-
- tern.
-
- Selecting Patterns
-
- Press [F4] to display the list of current patterns. Either press the number
- of the pattern you want, or move the arrow cursor to point to it, then
- press [Enter] to make it the current pattern.
-
- Creating and changing Patterns
-
- Once you have selected a pattern as "current", return to the pattern pop-up
- by pressing [F4], then press [E] to edit the current pattern. Within the
- pattern editing box, you will see happy faces representing pixels that are
- "on". The cursor position is shown as a small box when over an "off" pixel
- and as a solid face when over an "on" pixel.
-
- You can move with the arrow keys (or mouse) and toggle pixels on and off
- with the space bar (mouse left button).
-
-
- Saving Patterns
-
- If you create your own patterns, you must save them in a .PAT file. Press
- [F3][P][S] for: "File menu, [P]atterns, [S]ave". Enter a filename (no
- extension, PC-Draft will add .PAT as the default extension).
-
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- Page 22 PC-Draft II
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- Objects
-
- Above we discussed Objects and how to grab an area of the drawing as an
- object with the [O]bject command and then [D]ropped in a new position.
- Objects can also be saved in a file for later retrieval.
-
- Saving Objects
-
- To save your current object (after you have performed an [O]bject command),
- press [F3][O][S] for: "File menu, [O]bject, [S]ave". Then enter a filename
- (PC-Draft will add the default .OBJ filename extension).
-
-
- Retrieving Objects
-
- PC-Draft comes with several example object files in the OBJ sub-directory.
- Press [F3][O][R] to retrieve an object. In the filename prompt box enter:
- [OBJ\] and press [^] or [v] to step through the object directory. Press
- [Enter] to retrieve.
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- Objects Page 23
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- Fonts
-
- With PC-Draft you can load, edit and create a variety of fonts. Each font
- is stored as a file with a .FON extension. Fonts may consist of characters
- or may be all symbols.
-
-
- Using Fonts
-
- You can load an existing font by pressing: [F3][F][R] for: "File menu,
- [F]ont, [R]etrieve". In the filename prompt box, enter: "FON\" and press
- [^] or [v] to step through the font directory. Press [Enter] to retrieve.
-
- Once you have loaded a font, when you press [W] (for [W]rite) the cursor
- becomes a box the size of the font. Some fonts contain only a subset of the
- alphabet. So, if nothing happens when you try to type a character in
- [W]rite mode, perhaps the current font has no character defined for that
- key. Try uppercase. To leave [W]rite mode, press [Enter] or [Esc].
-
-
- Creating, changing Fonts
-
- Press [F6] to pop-up the font editing window. You will see the filename of
- the current font on the top line followed by the current key shown in
- brackets (also on the top line). The current range of characters in the
- current font is shown on the next two lines in the window as, for instance:
- "START: A", "END: Z". This means that this font contains a character for
- each keyboard character between uppercase A to Z. It is important to make
- the distinction between font characters and keyboard characters. With some
- fonts loaded, for example, pressing the [A] key may draw an Apple rather
- than an 'A'.
-
- Also shown at the top of the font window is the current font's height and
- width. These are expressed in pixels. The maximum character height is 32
- pixels. The maximum width is 48.
-
- Warning: you should not change the height and width of an existing font.
- Set these values only when you are creating a new font. If you do change
- these in an existing font, you will get scrambled images when writing with
- that font. The same applies to the range of characters in a font. Do not
- change this after the font is defined.
-
- The "SPACE:" field indicates the amount of space needed for the particular
- character currently displayed. By varying this from character to character,
- you can create proportionally spaced fonts. For instance, in a font whose
- size is 32 dots high by 24 dots wide, the 'I' character may need 8 dots of
- space, while the 'M' character would need 24 dots. To change this value
- press [F6].
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- Page 24 PC-Draft II
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- When you press any character key that falls within the range of the current
- font, that character will be displayed for editing. You can move the cursor
- with the arrow keys. Similar to the [Z]oom command discussed above, the
- [F9] key (mouse left button) controls the editing of pixels:
-
- o Press [F9] once to draw pixels as you move.
- o Press [F9] again to erase as you move.
- o Press [F9] again and you are back to the original state, no change
- will be made as you move the cursor. In this mode, the [Ins] (mouse
- right button) key will toggle the current pixel.
-
- The usage of the other function keys is shown in the Font window:
-
- [F1] Shifts the current character left one pixel.
- [F2] Shifts it right.
- [F3] Fills the entire character.
- [F4] Clears it.
- [F5] Reverses each pixel.
- [F6] Allows you to change the character size of the font and/or the space
- for the current character.
- [F7] Allows you to change the range of characters included in this font.
- [F8] Prints the screen, including the font window.
- [F9] Toggle the setting or clearing of pixels.
- [F10] Allows you to copy the image from another character to the
- current one.
-
- Note: that you can copy images drawn on the regular drawing area into
- specified characters in the font with the [X]fer command described in
- the Drawing Commands section above.
-
-
- Saving Fonts
-
- To save a font, press: [F3][F][S] for "File menu, [F]ont, [S]ave". And
- enter a filename. PC-Draft will automatically add the .FON file extension.
-
- Note: that fonts do not necessarily have to contain characters. They
- provide a convenient way to store a group of symbols or objects, so
- that they are available in memory all at once. For example the font
- file: FLOW.FON contains objects designed to draw flow charts:
-
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- Fonts Page 25
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- Macros
-
- The Macro feature of PC-Draft provides a way to store a sequence of key-
- strokes in a .MAC file for later playback. This is another way to create a
- library of images. MAC files are stored as normal ASCII text files and can
- be edited by your favorite text editor. As well as a way of saving drawing
- commands, macros can be used to provide a variety of interesting animation
- effects.
-
-
- Using Macros
-
- To start the playback of a macro (for example use one of the samples
- supplied with PC-Draft), press [F3][M][R] and in the filename prompt box
- enter: [MAC\] and press [^] or [v] to step through the MAC directory. Press
- [Enter] to start. The sequence of keystrokes stored in the selected macro
- file will be immediately played back.
-
- By changing the current cursor increment value, and then replaying the
- macro, you can redraw a given shape larger or smaller (as long as the
- cursor increment value was not changed within the macro itself).
-
-
- Creating Macros
-
- To start creating a new macro, press [F3][M][S], and enter a filename. When
- you press [Enter] to return to the drawing screen, each keystroke from that
- point on will be recorded and saved in the specified file.
-
- To end the recording of keys, press [%] (the percent symbol key). The .MAC
- file will be closed. You can then replay the macro in different positions,
- and with different cursor increment values.
-
- Suspend Cursor Increment
-
- It is useful to be able to move one pixel at a time within a macro without
- actually changing the cursor increment value so that the macro can be
- replayed for different sized objects. This can be accomplished with the
- [S]uspend command to temporarily cause the cursor to move one dot at a
- time.
-
- Relative [+/-] Cursor Increment
-
- Similarly, you can use the [+] and [-] keys to increment and decrement the
- cursor increment value to make changes relative to the value in effect when
- the macro is started.
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- Page 26 PC-Draft II
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- .MAC file structure
-
- Macro files are created as standard ASCII text files and may be edited with
- your ASCII text editor (even EDLIN!). .MAC files simply consist of each
- keystroke as entered during their creation. Control keys are represented by
- their keyboard scan value as an ASCII character preceded by a "^" charac-
- ter.
-
- The common PC-Draft keystrokes are as follows:
-
-
- [F1] = ^; [^] = ^H [Ctrl + PgUp] = ^(value 132)
- [F2] = ^< [v] = ^P [Ctrl + PgDn] = ^v
- [F3] = ^= [<] = ^K [Ctrl + <] = ^s
- [F4] = ^> [>] = ^M [Ctrl + >] = ^t
- [F5] = ^? [Home] = ^G
- [F6] = ^@ [End] = ^O [Enter] = (value 13)
- [F7] = ^A [PgUp] = ^I [Esc] = ^[
- [F8] = ^B [PgDn] = ^Q
- [F9] = ^C
- [F10] = ^D
-
-
- For example the shadow box macro: SHADOW.MAC is:
-
- B^Q^M^M^M^HS^P^P^P^P^MR^M^M^M^M^M^MS^PR^K^K^K^KS^H^ H^HS^H%
-
- Note that the macro file must end with the "%" terminator character.
-
-
- Importing text files:
-
- You can import text from a standard ASCII text file into the graphic
- screen. To do so, you must do three things:
-
- 1. Add the character "t" as the first character in the file. This will
- tell PC-Draft II to enter text mode.
-
- 2. Add the character "%" to the end of the file. This tells the macro
- function that the end of the macro has been reached.
-
- 3. Rename the file so that its extension is .MAC.
-
-
- Actually what you do is convert the text file into a PC-Draft II macro
- file. Now, to import the text:
-
- 1. Set the window size as appropriate for the text in the position you
- want within the graphic screen area with the [Alt + W] command.
-
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- Macros Page 27
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- 2. Position the cursor to the upper left corner of the window.
-
- 3. Load the macro by pressing: [F3][M][R] and entering the name of your
- text file.
-
- That's it. The text will be imported into the window area, wrapping around
- as necessary. If your text file is too long for the window size, you will
- have to put up with a lot of beeping as the macro tries to write characters
- at the end of the window.
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- Page 28 PC-Draft II
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- Graphs
-
- PC-Draft's graphing function allows you to automatically create line, bar
- and pie charts. While this function is not as sophisticated as you might
- find in business graphics programs dedicated to that purpose, PC-Draft
- provides the means to enhance your graphs with labels, pattern fills, etc.
- in a much more flexible and free form way. You are the artist. PC-Draft is
- the tool.
-
- Creating graphs involves three steps:
-
- 1. Enter a set of value pairs (for X and Y graph axis).
- 2. Select the type of graph: Bar, Line, Points, or Pie.
- 3. Draw the graph (similar to the [B]ox command or the [C]ircle command
- for pie charts).
-
- Editing Points
-
- Press [F7] to pop-up the graph menu. Then press [E] to edit points. Enter
- values for each element in your graph. Normally the values on the X axis
- would be equal for equally sized Bars in a Bar graph for example. So, enter
- a 1 for each element down the X column. The first X axis entry of zero
- signals the end. If your graph has 8 elements, the ninth entry in the X
- column should be zero. If your Y values are decimal, enter them without the
- decimal point. For instance, enter 12.34 as 1234, and then 56.00 as 5600.
-
- Saving Points
-
- You can save your graph data to a .PTS file by pressing: [F7][S] and sp-
- ecifying a filename.
-
- loading Points
-
- Similarly, you load previously saved graph data with: [F7][L].
-
- Graph Type
-
- Specify the type of graph you want to draw by pressing [F7][T]. Then select
- either [B]ar, [L]ine, [D]ots, or [P]ie.
-
- Drawing graphs
-
- Once you have entered or loaded point values and selected a graph type, you
- can draw your graph anywhere in your drawing. For graph types other than
- Pie, position the cursor at one corner of a rectangular area, press [G],
- then move the cursor to the opposite corner and press [Enter].
-
- PC-Draft automatically scales the graph to fill the rectangular area
- specified. To overlay two or more sets of graph point values:
-
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- Graphs Page 29
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- 1. Draw a bar graph for the first set of points.
- 2. Turn off the Graph s[C]ale by pressing: [F7][C] so that the scale
- indicator shows: [OFF]. This will cause PC-Draft to use the same scale
- established from the previous graph.
- 3. Load the second set of point values.
- 4. Select the drawing mode: [F5][O]verlay (see below).
- 5. Draw the graph for the second set of points in the same location as
- the first.
-
- For the Pie graph type, move the cursor to the center of a circular area,
- press [G], and move the cursor outward to size the pie chart.
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- Page 30 PC-Draft II
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- Drawing Mode
-
- The drawing mode determines what happens pixel by pixel when you draw over
- existing (set) pixels. When first started PC-Draft is in [R]eplace drawing
- mode.
-
- To change drawing mode, press [F5] to pop-up the drawing mode menu. Then
- press the letter in brackets for the mode you want, or press [^] or [v] to
- move the pointer and press [Enter] to make your selection.
-
- The effect of each drawing mode is as follows:
-
- [R]eplace: The resulting pixel equals the drawing pixel.
-
- [O]verlay: The resulting pixel is changed only if the drawing pixel is
- "on".
-
- [T]ransparent: The resulting Pixel is made the opposite of the drawing
- pixel. This is "XOR" mode.
-
- You might want to experiment with the drawing mode to see how it affects
- other operations such as spra[Y] can, [J]ust paint and [P]aint.
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Mode Page 31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Printing
-
- PC-Draft will print your drawing using a variety of IBM or Epson compat-
- ible dot matrix printers or a laser printers compatible with the Hewlett
- Packard LaserJet+ (Note that this includes HP's DeskJet printer).
-
- You can print a portion of the current screen window, the whole screen or
- the entire drawing. The printing function is evoked by pressing the [F8]
- key. If you press [F8] with a pop-up menu "up", you will print the screen
- with the menu pop-up included. Otherwise, the menu bar and control panel
- will not be printed.
-
- When printing, you will be asked for a filename (after specifying printer
- type and resolution mode). If you wish to dump the printer control bytes to
- a file for later printing, enter the filename to use. You may include the
- optional drive and path designations. If you wish to immediately print,
- simply press the Enter key. You can later print the file created by this
- method from outside of PC-Draft by the DOS command:
-
- COPY /B PRTFILE PRN
-
- Note: that you must use the /B option since the file is a binary file. For
- the same reason, do not use the DOS print command, since the file is a
- binary file containing byte values which may be interpreted by the Print
- program as tabs.
-
- This feature was added to enable you to incorporate PC-Draft images into
- word processors that allow sending files to the printer in the middle of
- the word processor document. It is also handy if you want to print several
- items at a time but do not want to wait on the slow speed of the printer.
- You can save all the images to files with a common extension (such as
- .PRT). Then later print them all with:
-
- COPY /B *.PRT PRN
-
-
- Printer resolution modes
-
- It is not always possible to get dot matrix printer output to exactly
- represent the same aspect ratio as the graphics screen.
-
- The monitor's (in high resolution 640 by 200 dot mode) aspect ratio is 2:1.
- It takes two horizontal dots to equal one vertical dot. A box that is 100
- pixels wide by 50 pixels high will appear square.
-
- Printers compatible with either the IBM Graphic dot matrix or the Epson dot
- matrix printers always print with a vertical resolution of 72 dots per inch
- (this is the spacing between the pins in the print head). So the perfect
- horizontal resolution to match the screen appearance is 144 dots per inch
-
-
-
-
- Page 32 PC-Draft II
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- horizontally (144:72 ratio). The Epson FX+ series printers have this
- resolution, the IBM dot matrix printer (and many compatibles) does not.
-
- The 60 dots per inch modes print two vertical dots for each one in your
- original drawing in an attempt to get as close as possible to the 2:1
- aspect ratio. 60:36 is close but not perfect. This mode fits one screen
- window on eight inch wide paper.
-
- The 240 dots per inch modes print one vertical dot for every two in your
- original drawing. The pixels in alternate lines are combined. This 240:144
- aspect ratio is better than the normal 240:72, but still does not produce
- perfectly round circles.
-
- Each printer has different graphics resolution modes. The current version
- of PC-Draft supports up to four modes for each printer supported.
-
-
- IBM dot matrix
-
- (Same as Okidata Microline 290 series)
-
- Mode [1] prints at 60 dots per inch. (480 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [2] prints at 120 dots per inch. (960 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [3] prints at 120 dots per inch. (draft mode is faster, prints
- every other dot.)
- Mode [4] prints at 240 dots per inch (1920 dots/8 inch line.) this
- fits two screens wide in 5-5/16 inches.)
-
- There is no mode for this printer that will print round circles.
-
- Epson dot matrix
-
- Mode [1] prints at 72 dots per inch. (4576 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [2] prints at 120 dots per inch. (960 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [3] prints at 144 dots per inch. (1152 dots/8 inch line.) This
- is best for round circles. However, you lose 128 dots from
- the far right of your drawing unless you have a wide car-
- riage printer.
- Mode [4] prints at 240 dots per inch (1920 dots/8 inch line.) this
- fits two screens wide in 5-5/16 inches.)
-
- HP LaserJet+
-
- (Also for HP DeskJet)
- Mode [1] prints at 75 dots per inch. (600 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [2] prints at 100 dots per inch. (800 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [3] prints at 150 dots per inch. (1200 dots/8 inch line.) This
- fills an 8-1/2 by 11 inch size printout.
- Mode [4] prints at 300 dots per inch (2400 dots/8 inch line.) this
- fits two screens wide in 4.26 inches.)
-
-
-
- Printing Page 33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- All modes for the LaserJet print double the number of pixels vertically to
- more closely match the proportions of the screen, so that squares and
- circles are printed square and round.
-
- If your drawing is the equivalent of two screens wide, you should use the
- high density modes to fit on 8 1/2 inch wide paper.
-
- If you have a printer that you would like PC-Draft to support, please send
- a copy of the dot graphics section of your printer manual and we will
- supply you with a printer driver for your printer and add it to our collec-
- tion.
-
- IDS Microprism
-
- This has only one graphics resolution mode, so we made an attempt to allow
- two adjustments:
-
- Mode [1] prints at normal mode.
- Mode [2] prints at one half vertical.
-
- C.Itoh 8510-1550
-
- (same as NEC 8023A/B and SONY SMI-720)
- Mode [1] prints at 80 dots per inch. (640 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [2] prints at 96 dots per inch. (768 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [3] prints at 136 dots per inch. (1088 dots/8 inch line.)
- Mode [4] prints at 160 dots per inch (1280 dots/8 inch line.)
-
- GEM .IMG
-
- Of great importance to users of DeskTop publishing programs like Ventura
- Publisher, is the ability to export portions of the screen, full screens,
- and/or full drawings in GEM .IMG file format. This allows inclusion of
- graphics created (or captured) with PC-Draft directly into DTP documents.
- (Also works with WordPerfect v 5.0!) Simply print (box, screen or drawing)
- using the GEM IMG choice on the printer menu as your printer choice -- you
- must give a filename (the filename should have an ".IMG" extension).
-
- This manual was created using WordPerfect 5.0. The illustrations of PC-
- Draft screens were made using this method.
-
-
- Print current screen window
-
- Press [F8] to pop-up the print menu and select [S] for [S]creen. Then
- select a printer type. Then select a printer resolution mode: [1] - [4]
- from low to high density. Then (if you want to save the printer codes in a
- file for later printing), enter the path and filename of the file to save
-
-
-
-
- Page 34 PC-Draft II
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- the printer data. Or, (if you wish to print immediately), press the [Enter]
- key without any filename.
-
- These steps are typical for the other two printing options: [A]ll and
- [B]ox.
-
- Print full drawing
-
- Press [F8] to pop-up the print menu and select [A] for [A]ll. Then select a
- printer type and resolution mode.
-
- Print partial screen
-
- First position the cursor to one corner of a rectangular area of the screen
- to print. Press [F8] to pop-up the print menu and select [B] for [B]ox.
- After selecting the printer type, you then must position the cursor to the
- opposite corner of the area to print as if you were drawing a box. Then
- select a printer resolution mode: [1] -[4] from low to high density and
- press [Enter] (mouse right button) to start printing.
-
-
-
-
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- Printing Page 35
-
-
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-
-
-
- Screen Capture
-
- A program called CAPTURE.COM on the distribution diskette, allows you to
- capture screen images from other programs, save them in separate files, and
- later load them into PC-Draft. This is useful when writing software docu-
- mentation. You can add boarders around the screen and print them for later
- paste up.
-
- CAPTURE uses a the hot-key combination: [Alt]+[.]
-
- Capture is a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) program. When you run it
- from the DOS command line, it will announce its presence and quietly sink
- into the background and wait to be called into action (when its "hot key"
- is pressed).
-
- When you run Capture, you must provide it with the location and starting
- file name to use to store the screen images it captures. For example, if
- you have installed PC-Draft on your hard disk in a sub-directory called
- DRAFT, you might start Capture with this command:
-
- CAPTURE C:\DRAFT\PIC\SCREENA.PIC
-
- Now Capture will store its screens in the PIC sub-directory. The first
- screen it saves will be called SCREENA.PIC, the second will be called
- SCREENB.PIC. Each subsequent .PIC file will increment the character in the
- filename just before the extension. These files are graphic pic files com-
- patible with PC-Draft regardless of whether the original screen was in text
- mode or graphics mode.
-
- To activate Capture and save the current screen to a .PIC file, you press
- the [Alt + left Shift] ([Alt + .] for Capture2) keys together. You will
- hear a beep when Capture is called. Three beeps means it successfully wrote
- a unique file to the specified directory. Only one beep means it was unable
- to create the file (could not find the directory?). Only two beeps means it
- created the file, but could not write the full 16k screen buffer, (disk
- full?).
-
- Capture will detect the current video mode and adjust. It converts text
- mode screens into bit mapped graphics suitable for PC-Draft II.
-
- Like any other TSR, Capture may have compatibility problems with other
- software, especially other TSR's. If you have trouble, try installing
- Capture by itself and adding your other TSR utilities one at a time after
- you get Capture to work.
-
- We strongly recommend the shareware utilities MARK and RELEASE. They will
- allow you to de-install Capture (and other TSR's). Look for them on your
- bulletin board.
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 36 PC-Draft II
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
- The PIX graphics language
-
- The PIX.COM program is actually a special version of PC-Draft which reads
- its input from a script file of graphic commands instead of responding to
- the keyboard. By creating such a file with your favorite text editor, you
- are in fact writing a graphics program that will be played out as an
- animated sequence of steps as PIX reads the file. PIX allows you to:
-
- o Create a script of graphic commands to be played out in
- animation for presentations.
-
- o You can load and display screens and whole drawings created
- by PC-Draft.
-
- o You can use (and create) PC-Draft objects and macros.
-
- o You can create new macros with PIX's procedures and looping
- for use in PC-Draft.
-
- o PIX has repeat looping and Procedures (subroutines).
-
- o In place of literal values used for the drawing commands,
- you can substitute variables.
-
- o You can run PIX in trace mode for debugging.
-
- We have provided some sample PIX programs on your distribution disk. These
- files all have the filename extension: .SCR. To get a feel for what PIX is
- and its versatility run the demo program as follows. To start a PIX demon-
- stration, with the file PIX.COM on the current drive and DEMO.SCR in the
- SCR directory, enter the command:
-
- PIX SCR\DEMO
-
- at the DOS command prompt, and sit back and watch.
-
- PIX is a special purpose language with a few simple rules:
-
- o The PIX source file must be created as a standard ASCII text file by
- your own text editor. EDLIN (shudder) will work if you don't have any
- other.
-
- o Each PIX program statement must be on a line by itself.
-
- o Numbers are always enclosed by parentheses and separated by commas,
- such as: (12,34,56,78).
-
- o Numbers are integers (usually used to represent X and Y locations,
- Pattern, Color, or Repeat loop index.)
-
-
-
-
- PIX Language Page 37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- o Key words such as LINE and CIRCLE can be abbreviated to their first
- three characters (LIN and CIR).
-
- o Upper and lower case is not significant. The commands; LINE, line,
- Line, and LiN are all equivalent.
-
- o White space (space character) is generally ignored, so lines can be
- indented for readability. The exception is around numbers within
- parentheses: ( 12, 34, 56 ) is not legal.
-
- o Any text on a line following a command is ignored, perfect for com-
- ments.
-
- o Any line beginning with a semi-colon is considered a comment.
-
- o A number or variable on a line by itself is considered as a change to
- the cursor increment value, just as if you had typed in a number while
- using PC-Draft.
-
- o Values used to refer to cursor positions are always in relation to the
- current screen window, not the entire drawing.
-
- Starting PIX
-
- To run PIX simply type PIX at the DOS command prompt followed by the file
- name of your script (program). If you do not specify a script file, PIX
- will search the current directory for a script file named AUTO.SCR. If this
- file is not found, PIX will ask you for a script filename. Once a valid
- script file is found, PIX immediately begins its performance. When the
- script has finished, press the [Enter] key to return to DOS.
-
- Trace mode
-
- To run PIX in trace (single step) mode, evoke PIX with a [T] command line
- argument. For example, to trace through the demo script type:
-
- PIX T DEMO
-
- In this mode PIX will display each command line of your script file and
- wait for you to press [Enter] before executing it.
-
- Exit PIX
-
- To exit PIX before the script is completed, press any key to interrupt. PIX
- will display a pop-up window asking if you wish to exit. Enter a [Y] to
- exit or any other character to continue.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 38 PC-Draft II
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-
-
- PIX Commands
-
- Each line in your PIX program represents a PIX command. For instance the
- following command line draws a box 20 pixels wide by 40 pixels high start-
- ing at X location 120 and Y location 10:
-
- Box (120,10,140,50)
-
-
-
- You could draw the same box with a series of cursor movement commands which
- emulate the way you would draw it with PC-Draft:
-
- 10 Set cursor increment = 10
- Gotoxy (120,10) goto starting position
- Box Start the box
- down Go down 10 pixels
- down 10 more = 20
- dright 10 down and 10 right
- dright Now we're at X=140,
- Y=50
- end This ends the box command.
- Quit Exit PIX
-
-
-
-
- Note that the above is a complete PIX program. The text following each
- command is treated as a comment.
-
- Variables
-
- Pix allows you to substitute an integer variable in place of numbers used
- in the various drawing commands. A variable is identified by one of the 26
- alpha characters [A..Z]. For instance the same box described above can be
- drawn using variable substitution:
-
- Let A = (120)
- Let B = (10)
- Let C = (50)
- Box (a,b,140,c)
-
-
-
-
-
- Note that variables can be mixed with numeric values and that upper and
- lower case character identifiers are treated as identical.
-
- Assign (LET)
-
-
-
- PIX Language Page 39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- You assign values to variables with the Let statement as shown:
-
- Let A = (#)
-
- (The equal sign is optional for readability, you could say:
-
- Let A (#)
-
- with the same result.
-
- Increment
-
- The following statements increment (by one) the variable B:
-
- Increment B
- Inc B
-
-
-
-
- Decrement
-
- The following statements decrement (by one) the variable C:
-
- Decrement C
- Dec C
-
-
-
-
- Cursor Movement Commands
-
- These cause the graphics cursor to move in the specified direction relative
- to the current position. How far the cursor moves is determined by the
- current cursor increment value.
-
- Right, Left, Up, Down, are the vertical and horizontal moves.
-
- URight, ULeft, DRight, DLeft, are the diagonal moves. For instance to move
- the cursor Down and to the right use the command: DRight.
-
- Gotoxy
-
- Use Gotoxy (x,y) for absolute cursor positioning. This moves the
- graphics cursor to X location 140 and Y location 86:
-
- Gotoxy (140,86)
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 40 PC-Draft II
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-
-
-
- Screen moves
-
- These commands allow you to move around the drawing (like [Ctrl + >] in PC-
- Draft:
-
- >up corresponds to: [Ctrl + PgUp]
- >down corresponds to: [Ctrl + PgDn]
- >left corresponds to: [Ctrl + <]
- >right corresponds to: [Ctrl + >]
-
-
- Or, you can move directly to a screen window number:
-
- Move (#) # must be between [1..28]
-
-
- Drawing Commands
-
- The following drawing commands perform functions as you might expect
- similar to PC-Draft. You can use them with the corner positions specified
- as parameters such as:
-
- Box (a,b,140,c)
-
-
-
-
- Or, you can use them as you would with PC-Draft with relative cursor
- movements to specify the opposite corner. Such as:
-
- Box
- DRight
- DRight
- DRight
- End
-
-
-
-
- These commands are:
-
- Box (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Line (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Circle (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Rectangle (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Object (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Graph (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Window (x1,y1,x2,y2)
-
-
-
- PIX Language Page 41
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The Curve, Erase, Multi-line and Free-draw commands work a little
- differently. You specify a starting cursor position, then the command key-
- word, then a series of points, with the GOTOXY command. Then end the
- sequence of points with the END command. For example to draw a curve:
-
- gotoxy (50,20)
- Curve
- gotoxy (150,20)
- gotoxy (250,120)
- gotoxy (350,20)
- gotoxy (450,120)
- gotoxy (550,20)
- gotoxy (550,120)
- gotoxy (600,80)
- end
-
-
-
-
- or to draw multi-lines:
-
- gotoxy (10,10)
- Multi-line
- gotoxy (10,20)
- gotoxy (25,100)
- gotoxy (150,20)
- gotoxy (250,100)
- gotoxy (300,180)
- end
-
-
-
-
- You can Erase in a free form manner described above or in a straight line,
- for example:
-
- Erase (3,100,300,10)
-
-
-
-
- Arc
-
- The Arc command requires two sets of points. The first set establishes the
- full circle from which the desired arc will be taken. The second set of
- points describes the rectangular area which sets the boundaries for the
- arc. For example this draws a quarter circle arc:
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 42 PC-Draft II
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-
- Arc (300,100,300,10)(300,100,600,9)
-
-
-
- These next commands are single key commands which perform similarly to
- their counterparts in PC-Draft. You would first position the cursor, then
- call the command. For instance, with the Paint command, paint a circle:
-
- Circle (135,28,135,95) Draw a circle
- Gotoxy (135,28) Return to its center
- Paint Fill with current pat-
- tern
-
-
-
- They are:
-
- Paint
- Drop (Object)
- Reverse (Object)
- Expand (Object) ( double size vertically )
- Contract (Object) ( halve size vertically )
- Enlarge (Object) ( double size horizontally )
- Small (Object) ( halve size horizontally )
- Home (Move cursor to center screen)
- Kursor (Toggle cursor between small x and large x)
- Undo (Undo previous drawing command)
- Tog (Toggle chart scale off/on)
-
- The following commands write strings of characters on the screen. They must
- be followed by the character string to write, and therefor cannot have a
- comment on the same line.
-
- Write <string> (Write "string" using the currently loaded font)
- Text <string> (Write "string" using the IBM regular font)
-
- For example:
-
- Gotoxy (135,28) Position the cursor
- Write This is my message
-
-
-
-
- Non Drawing Commands
-
- Pattern (#) (Select pattern number [0..9] )
- Mode <MODE> (Select Drawing Mode:
- "Replace,Overlay,Transparent")
-
-
-
-
- PIX Language Page 43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Type <MODE> (Select Graph type: "Bar,Line,Dots,Pie")
- Clear (Erase screen)
- Quit (Exit PIX)
- Color (#) (Select screen color. Colors are as follows:
-
- 0: Black 8: Dark Gray
- 1: Blue 9: Light Blue
- 2: Green 10: Light Green
- 3: Cyan 11: Light Cyan
- 4: Red 12: Light Red
- 5: Magenta 13: Light Magenta
- 6: Brown 14: Yellow
- 7: Light Grey 15: White )
-
-
- File Commands
-
- Load or Save followed by: ("Screen A:PIC\SAMPLE.PIC")
- Load Screen <FilePath>
- Save Screen <FilePath>
- Load Drawing <FilePath>
- Save Drawing <FilePath>
- Load Pattern <FilePath>
- Load Font <FilePath>
- Load Object <FilePath>
- Save Object <FilePath>
- Load Macro <FilePath>
- Save Macro <FilePath>
- Load GraphPnts <FilePath>
-
- Program Control Statements
-
- Procedure <name>
- .
- . ( Pix commands )
- .
- Endp ( end proc. )
-
- Procedures must be declared before they are called (at the beginning of
- your PIX script). You are limited to a total of 50 named procedures. The
- number of command lines within each procedure is limited by memory.
- Procedures may contain any PIX commands including Repeat statements. You
- must end the procedure declaration with the Endp statement.
-
- Repeat (#) ( loop # times )
- .
- . ( Pix commands )
- .
- Endr ( end repeat )
-
-
-
-
- Page 44 PC-Draft II
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-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The Repeat statement causes a series of commands to repeat a given number
- of times. There is a limit of 50 command lines within a repeat loop. You
- must end the repeat loop with the Endr statement.
-
- Other Commands
-
- End( terminate a series of cursor moves )
- Wait (#) ( # = 1/4 second pause )
- Cursor ( toggle visible cursor off/on )
- % ( end Record Macro )
- ; ( comment )
-
- To see how the various PIX commands can be used look at the example .SCR
- files provided on the distribution disk.
-
-
- New PIX commands
-
- The PIX program has been upgraded. It now supports several new commands:
-
- Pause
-
- This command causes program execution to stop, and wait for a keystroke
- before continuing.
-
- Getkey
-
- The Getkey command allows for more interactive PIX programs. With Getkey,
- you can input a keystroke into a program variable (A to Z). You can then
- use the Case command described below to conditionally branch based on the
- key pressed. For example the command:
-
- Getkey A
-
-
- causes the PIX program to pause, wait for a keystroke, and when the user
- presses a key, places the key value in the variable: A.
-
- Case
-
- The Case command allows conditional branching within a PIX program. The
- case statement consists of a selector based on a program variable [A to Z]
- and a list of statements preceded by a case label. The expression deter-
- mines which statement in the list to execute. For example:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PIX Language Page 45
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Getkey A
- Case A
- 1 box (10,5,150,80)
- 2 circle (10,5,150,80)
- 3 rectangle (10,5,150,80)
- Endc
-
-
-
- PIX waits for the user to press a key, then assigns the value to the
- variable A, then executes one of the statements in the list depending on
- the value of A (1, 2, or 3).
-
- Note that the Case statement is ended by the key word: Endc.
-
- Jmp
-
- This allows an unconditional branch in a PIX program. The jump command must
- specify a target label. For example:
-
- .
- Jmp LABELA
- .
- .
- .
- LABELA
- .
- .
-
-
- This will cause a jump to the label: LABELA skipping the statements between
- the Jmp and the label. Labels can be anything other than PIX key words.
- Jumps can only be forward. Pix cannot go in reverse, it reads the script
- file one line at time.
-
- The Jmp statement is most useful within a Case list. For example:
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- Page 46 PC-Draft II
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- Getkey A
- Case A
- 1 jmp labela
- 2 jmp labelb
- 3 jmp labelc
- Endc
- labela
- box (10,5,120.80)
- jmp the_end
- labelb
- circle (10,5,120.80)
- jmp the_end
- labelc
- rectangle (10,5,120.80)
- the_end
-
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- Popup
-
- This allows you to open a popup window. PIX now supports up to ten such
- windows open at one time. Each window is referred to by its number (between
- 1 and to). The proper syntax for Popup is: Popup (window number) (coo-
- rdinates). The window coordinates specify the upper left and lower right
- corners of the window in text coordinates (based on 25 lines of 80 charac-
- ters).
-
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- Popdown
-
- This removes (pops down) a popup window. Its syntax is: Popdown (window
- number).
-
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- Pgotoxy
-
- This positions the cursor in text coordinates relative to the specified
- popup window. The upper left corner of the window (in the box outline is
- coordinate: 0,0).
-
- For example the following code opens a window and displays two lines of
- text, waits for a keystroke from the user then removes the window (resto-
- ring the graphic screen below the window).
-
- Popup (1) (20,12,60,15)
- Pgotoxy (5,1)
- Text This is line one
- Text This is line two
- Pause
- Popdown (1)
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- PIX Language Page 47
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- Tgotoxy
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- This positions the cursor in text coordinates relative to the entire screen
- based on 25 lines of 80 characters. The command: Tgotoxy (10,10) accomp-
- lishes the same as the command: Gotoxy (80,80) since each character
- occupies an 8 by 8 pixel grid.
-
- Print
-
- This allows printing of the drawing created with PIX. Simply place the
- command PRINT in your PIX script file at the point you wish to print. PIX
- will pause at that point and present a menu of printer choices:
-
- Select Printer
-
- 1 - IBM graphic
- 2 - generic Epson
- 3 - HP-LaserJet+
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-
- When you select the printer type a second window appears with printer
- resolution selections:
-
- Select Printer mode
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- 1 - 120 dots/in.
- 2 - 240 dots/in.
-
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-
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- press [1] for low resolution (120 dpi for dot matrix printers, 150 dpi for
- LaserJet), [2] for high resolution (240 dpi for dot matrix, 300 dpi for
- LaserJet),to abort printing, press any other key. After printing starts,
- you can abort by pressing [Esc] and then [Y] to the prompt: [ Abort
- printing [Y/N]? ].
-
- You can have PIX print to a file by adding the filename as a parameter. For
- example the command:
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- PRINT C:\TEMP\PRINT.DMP
-
- sends the printer control codes to the file PRINT.DMP in the TEMP sub-
- directory on the C: drive.
-
- The PIX script file: CASE.SCR illustrates the above new commands.
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- Page 48 PC-Draft II
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- PC-Draft commands not supported
-
- If you thought something was missing, you're right. Some PC-Draft commands
- didn't seem to make much sense to include within the PIX language. These
- are:
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- Grid Snap Print
- Xfer Font Zoom Just Paint
- spraY can Quick View
- Edit Font Edit Pattern Edit Graph points
- Save Font Save Pattern Save Graph points
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- PIX Language Page 49
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- Summary of PIX commands
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- Cursor Movement:
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- right left up down
- uright uleft dright dleft gotoxy (x,y)
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- Screen moves:
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- >up >down >left >right
- Move (#) [1..28]
-
- Functions:
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- Pattern (#) [0..9] ( pattern number )
- Mode {Replace|Overlay|Transparent}
- Type {Bar|Line|Dots|Pie}
- Clear
- Color (#) 0: Black 8: Dark Gray
- 1: Blue 9: Light Blue
- 2: Green 10: Light Green
- 3: Cyan 11: Light Cyan
- 4: Red 12: Light Red
- 5: Magenta 13: Light Magenta
- 6: Brown 14: Yellow
- 7: Light Grey 15: White
-
- Drawing:
-
- Arc (x1,y1,x2,y2)(x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Box (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Circle (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Curve (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Erase (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Free-Draw {gotoxy(x,y)..gotoxy(x,y)..end}
- Line (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Multi-line {gotoxy(x,y)..gotoxy(x,y)..end}
- Rectangle (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Graph (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Window (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Paint
- Home
- Kursor
- Undo
- Write <string>
- Text <string>
- Tog (chart scale)
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- Page 50 PC-Draft II
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- Object Manipulation:
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- Object (x1,y1,x2,y2)
- Drop
- Reverse
- Expand
- Enlarge
- Contract
- Small
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- File: (Load or Save followed by: "Screen A:PIC\SAMPLE.PIC")
-
- Load Screen <FilePath>
- Save Screen <FilePath>
- Load Drawing <FilePath>
- Save Drawing <FilePath>
- Load Pattern <FilePath>
- Load Font <FilePath>
- Load Object <FilePath>
- Save Object <FilePath>
- Load Macro <FilePath>
- Save Macro <FilePath>
- Load Points <FilePath> ( graph points )
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- Other:
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- Wait (#) ( # = 1/4 second pause )
- % ( end Record Macro )
- ; comment
-
- Program Control:
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- Procedure <name>
- .
- .
- End
-
- Repeat (#) ( loop # times )
- .
- .
- End
-
- Quit ( end PIX )
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- Variables: 26 integer vars: [A..Z] can be used for any parm.
-
- Let X = # ( assign value )
- Inc X ( increment )
- Dec X ( decrement )
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- PIX Language Page 51
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- Summary of Drawing Commands
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-
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- A - Arc N - sNap on/off Object Manipulation
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- B - Box O - Object grab E - Enlarge Object
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- C - Circle P - Paint C - Contract Object
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- D - Drop Object Q - Quick View L - Large Object
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- E - Erase mode R - Rectangle O - rOtate Object
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- F - Free Draw S - Suspend S - Small Object
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- G - Graph T - Text mode Alt-E - Ellipse
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- H - Home U - Undo Alt-P - Control
- Panel on/off
- I - grId on/off V - curVe
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- J - Just Paint W - Write - (minus) - decre-
- ment cursor inc-
- K - Kursor change X - Xfer font rement value
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- L - Line Y - spraY can + (plus) -
- increment cursor
- M - Multi-line Z - Zoom increment value
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- F1 - F Key menu . (period) - Direct
- F2 - Drawing menuon/offMove
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- F4 - PatternsF3 - File menu
- Shift F1-F10 - Set
- F6 - Font EditorF5 - Drawing modeMarker
- menu
- F8 - Print Alt F1-F10 - Move
- F7 - Graphs menu to Marker
- F10 - Exit
- F9 - Erase Screen Alt W - Window
- Ctrl-F1 - change Off/On
- colorAlt-F9 - Erase Draw-
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- Page 52 PC-Draft II
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- Index
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- Arc 16, 43 SpraY Can 19
- Bar Graph 29 Text 16
- Box 15, 41 Transfer to Font 18
- Printing 35 Window 21
- CAPTURE.COM 36 Write (Graphic Font)
- Circle 15, 41 17
- Clearing the Screen 11 Zoom 18
- Color 21, 44 Drawing mode 20, 31
- Compressed Files 12 Drop 43
- CONFIG.SYS 4 Drop Object 17
- Contract 43 DWG file 12
- Contract Object 18 Ellipse 15
- Control Panel 9 Ending PC-Draft 13
- Cursor Enlarge 43
- Command 20 Enlarge Object 18
- Increment 7 Epson 33
- Mouse 8, 20 Erase 42
- PIX Command 45 Erasing 11
- PIX Commands 40 Exit 13
- suspend 17, 26 Ending Macros 26
- Type 8 PIX 38
- Curve 15, 42 Expand 43
- Direct Move 10 Features 1
- Directory 13 File Names 6
- Installation 4 Files 6
- Drawing .FON 24
- Printing 35 .MAC 26
- Drawing Area 9 .OBJ 23
- Drawing Commands .PAT 22
- Arc 16 .PIC & .DWG 12
- Box 15 .PTS 29
- Circle 15 .SCR. 37
- Color 21 Compressed 12
- Curve 15 CONFIG.SYS 4
- Drop Object 17 DRAFT2.CFG 4
- Ellipse 15 GEM format 34
- Free Draw 15 Import ASCII 16
- Graph 29 Importing ASCII 27
- grId 20 Installation 4
- Just paint 19 Naming conventions
- Kursor 20 6
- Line 14 printing to 34
- Multi-Line 14 FON file 25
- Object 17 Fonts 24
- Paint 16 Write command 17
- Quick view 21 Free Draw 15
- Rectangle 15 GEM 34
- sNap 21 Gotoxy 40
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- Index Page 53
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- Graph 41 IDS Microprism 34
- Points 29 LaserJet 33
- Type 29 Okidata 33
- Graphic Macros 26 resolution modes 32
- Graphs 29 Printing 32
- GrId 20 Procedure 44
- Hercules 3 PTS file 29
- Home 10, 43 Quick view 21
- HP LaserJet+ 33 Rectangle 15, 41
- Import text 27 Relative Cursor Increment
- Installation 4 26
- Just paint 19 Repeat 44
- Kursor 20, 43 Replace Drawing Mode 31
- Large Object 18 Reverse 43
- Laser printer 32 Reverse Object 18
- Line 14, 41 Rotate Object 18
- Line Graph 29 SCR file 37
- MAC file 26 Screen
- Structure 27 Capture 36
- Macros 26 Printing 34
- Markers 10 Search directory 13
- Menus 8 Small 43
- MicroSoft 4 Small Object 18
- Mode 31, 43 SNap 21
- Mouse SpraY Can 19
- buttons 5 Suspend
- cursor 8, 20 Cursor 26
- driver 4 Text 16, 43
- Move Tog 43
- direct 10 Trace (PIX) 38
- screen 10 Transfer to Font 18
- to marker 10 Transparent Drawing Mode
- Multi-Line 14, 42 31
- OBJ file 23 Undo 11, 43
- Object 17, 23, 41 Window 21, 41
- Object Manipulation 17 Write 43
- Overlay Drawing Mode 31 Write (Graphic Font) 17
- Paint 16, 43 Xfer 18
- PAT file 22 Zoom 18
- Pattern 22, 43 [K]ursor 8
- PIC file 12
- Capture 36
- Pie Graph 29
- PIX graphics language 37
- Printers 5
- C.Itoh 34
- DeskJet 33
- Epson 33
- GEM .IMG files 34
- IBM dot matrix 33
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- Page 54 PC-Draft II
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- Index Page 55
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